67 provide for the &PPQintlDentofa;;tenographertoiake the testimony given before grand juries,in,the pountyof New York; and, while a statute of the state does not control the practice of the courts of the United. States in the e:)(istence of such a, provision in the laws of the, state indicates that the presence of a stenograpf16r: before a grand jury, is, uqt inconsistent with a due administration of justice in Griminltl qaSe6., , ,]1or these reasons, the motion to quash the is
U.sITED STATES V. CLAASEN.
(Circuit Court, S. D. New York. April 23, IS!}1.) , Where toe defendant in a criminal case presents to thejudge niinutes onhe ..trial, in, some of his exceptions are omitted, and the same is signed by th<! judge, and used in moving for arrest of judgment and for a new trial, nofurther 'bill of' exceptions should be given alte" issuance '(Jf a writ of error, since the de'fen04nt Alts:thereby waived the exceptions omitted frol!! the minutes. OF
EXCEPTIOlifS-W AIVER-CRIMlXAL LAW.
At Law. ,Edward Mit<;hcll, for the United ·States. Hector 1.1'1. Hitchings, for defendant. BENEDICT, J. This is an application on the part of the defendant for a pill of ex,ceptions. A state,mpnt of the proceedings had in the case is nece",sary to an understanding of the questions involved. The defendant, having ,been indicted for embezzling and misapplying the funds of a national bank, of which he was president, was on the 28th day of May, 1890,Jound guilty by the jury. During the trial many exceptions were taken by the defendant, which were duly noted. At that time there was no law providing for a writ of error in criminal cases tried in the circuit courts of the United States. By the rules of the circuit court of the southern district of New York, however, adopted March 12, 1879, provision was made for the correction of any error committed in the trial of a,criminal case by means of a motion for a new trial and in arrest of judgment, to be heard before the three judges authorized by section 613 of the Revised Statutes to hold the criminal terms of that court, the, same to be made upon minutes of the trial to be settled by the judge who tried the case, and before the first day of the term next subsequent to the term at which the trial is had. In the present case, after the verdict, and before judgment, minutes of the trial, conat the trial and omitting taining some exceptions that had been others, were presented by the defendant for settlement, and the same were by consent settled and signed by the judge. On the 9th day of July, 1890, a printed copy of the minutes as settled and signed was filed, and thereupon becallle. part of the record. Thereafter, and on the 24th day of October, 1890, the cause carne on to be heard before Judges
FEDERAL; REPORTER, vol.i!6'.
W.Att,ACE,BROWN, and BENElJIC'r; in accordance with the rules of 1879,' alteM)" referred to, when the defendant, then represented by llew counsel, applied for an opportunity to procure to be inserted in the record ex'deptions not appearing in the minutes of the trial as the 'Stime had and filed in July previous. This applicatiol1was denied by'the cqnrt, and motions for a new trial and for an arrest of judgment weriJ then argued before the three judges upon the record asitstood, and the same were thereafter by them at the December term, 1890, denied. Thereafter, on the 18th of March, 1891, at the March term, the defendant was sentenced to be imprisoned for a term of six years, and it was then ordered that the sentence be executed in the Erie county penitentiary. On the 21st day of March, and before the sentence was carried into effect, a writ of error from the supreme court of the United States was allowed by Mr. Justice BLATCHFORD, with a directiOn that the writ of error operate as a supersedeas and a stay of execution, with leave to the United States to move to vacate the stay as having been granted without authority oflaw. And now , on the 17th of April, 1891, application is made to the judge who tried the cause for his signature to a bill of exceptions containing Ulany exceptions which do not appear in the minutes of the trial on file. From this statement it will be seen that this application is made after judgment, without leave previously obtained; that it is made after a writ of error, a supersedeas, and a stay of proceedings by a justice of the supreme court of the United States; that the objection of the application is to have inserted in the record other exceptions than those now appearing therein; that some eleven months have elapsed since the verdict, and some nine months have elapsed since the minutes of the trial, as presented by the defendant, by his consent settled and siglled by the judge, and made part of the record, and after an application for opportunity to procure the insertion in the record of exceptions other than those appearing in the minutes has been denied by the three judges. To this application the district attorney objects upon several grounds. One ground is that, inasmuch as the joint resolution of March 3,1891, declares that nothing i.n the statute of March 3, 1891, creating the circuit court of appeals, shall be held' 'or congtrued in any wise to impair the jurisdiction of any circuit court of the United States in any case now pending before it, or in respect to any case wherein a writ of errorbr appeal shall have been sued out or taken before the 1st day of Jtlly,1891, the provision made in the statute of1\1arch 3, 1891, which in legal effect deprives the for a writM error in criminal eircuitcourts of the power theretofore pOssessed to render final judgment in a crinlina,l case without any appeal, and prevents the circuit courts frotncarryill'g into effect ,any sentence that may have been pronounced by such, impairs the jurisdiction of the circuit courts within the meaning of the joint resolution, and therefore' confers no right to <1 bill of exceptions in t11'is case. "This objection, hoWetrer, the district attorney declined to 'argue for the reason that a writ and a stay of proceedings has been issued herein by Mr. Justice BLA'rcHFoRD. For the same reason the objection will receive llofutther attention on this oc-
UNITED STATES V.: 'C:LAASEN'.
69,
casion. It is further objected by the district attorney that, no application for a bill of exceptions having been made prior to the sentence, nor any leave to make a bill of exceptions baving been granted prior to judgment, it is now too late to present a bill of exceptions. In support of this objection reference is made to the rules of this court in criminal cases already referred to, and to rules 67 and- 69 of this court, and also to the cases of Walton v. U. S., 9 Wheat. 651; Mvller v. Ehlers, 91 U. S. 249; Ex parte Bradstreet, 4 Pet. 102; Genel'es v. Bonnemer, 7 Wall. 564; In re Chateaugay Iron Co., 128 U. S. 544, 551, 9 Sup. Ot. Rep. 150. It is still further objected on the part of the United States that after a writ of error and a supersedeas and a stay has been issued by a justice of the supreme court and filed in this court, this court has no power to open the judgment and allow a bill of exceptions; and reference is made to Draper v. Davis, 102 U. S. 370; Keyser v. Farr, 105 U. S. 265; Morgan's, etc., Co. v. Texas Cent. Ry. Co., 32 Fed. Rep. 530. And lastly it is insisted in behalf of the United States that the defendant, having presented for the signature of the judge minutes of the trial, and the same having been signed by the judge, and incorporated in the record with the consent of the defendant, and the case having been heard and decided by the three judges upon such minutes, the record now contains a statement of the only exceptions subject to review sufficiently authenticated, and is therefore complete; and reference is made to Railroad Co. v. Warren, 137 U. S. 348, 11 Sup. Ot. Rep. 96; Herbert v. Butler, 97 U. S. 319. Inasmuch as in my opinion the last objection above stated is fatal to the present application, the validity of the other objections will not be considered on this occasion, and the application will be denied upon the ground that the record as it stands contains all exceptions which have not been waived and abandoned in this case, and that there is no occasion for any other or different bill of exceptions than the one already incorporated in the record. This plainly appears, as it seems to me, from the above statement of the proceedings had in the cause. The defendant, after the rendition of the verdict, moved fora new trial, and also for an arrest of judgment. He founded those motions upon what had occurred at the trial as stated in the minutes of the trial prepared by him. These minutes of the trial were signed by the judge who tried the case, the defendant consenting, and, being filed by him, became part of the record. These minutes of the trial were made with all deliberation, and without suggestion of fraud or mistake or misapprehension. In these minutes certain exceptions which had been taken and noted at the trial were inserted, and certain other exceptions which had been taken and noted at the trial were omitted. By this action, in myopinion, the defendant abandoned all exceptions taken at the trial, save only those which he had caused to be set down in the minutes of the trial prepared by him, and made lJy him a part of the record. The minutes of the trial, as now appearing- in the record, have all the requirements of a bill of exceptions. It was made for the purpose of a review of the proceedings had at the trial, and upon it the case has been heard and
70;
UDERALREPORTER,
vol. 46.
decideqby· the' three That hearing .was not, as· the present counsel for the defendant seems to understand, upon a motion for \1 new trial only, but 'alaoupon a motion in arrest of judgment, made according to the :notice "upon the. exceptious .at .the trial and upon the pleadings. anl1 proceedings herein,"whicl1motion brought before the three judgesl,for review all. rulings made, at theJrial to which exceptions had been fuken, as well as all exceptiOlli!ito the ,charge to the jury, for which a; wtit of error would Buch .w.dthad been then authorized by law. Grah. Pro p.641. When for the purpose of such a hearing the defendant.caused such minutes of the trial to be filed, which he had himself procured to be approved and verified by the judge's signature, and from which he, deliberately omitted the exceptions which he now seeks to have inserted in. the ,record. he, in my opinion, waived all the exceptions Upon that record the case has been argued and decided by the three jUdges, aJ)d it is that record which is called for by the writ 'of error from the. supreme co,urt o,f the United States. There is in Vaughn v. State, :4 Mo. 290, a decision to, ,the effect that a statute authorizing a bill of exceptions in criminal cases does not give the right to a: bill of exceptions:in,casesarising before the passage of the act, and when no bill of exceptions was allowed by law; but, assuming that the statute of March 3, 1891,althollgh enacted subsequent to the review of this case by the three judges, gives to the supreme court of the United States the right to review.the record in this case upon writ of error. the statute applies to the record as it stood complete in the matter of exceptions taken 'at the trial when the statute was passed. It had no effect to revive exceptions that had been waived and abandoned, nor Qoes it, in my opinion, require or permit a second bill of exceptions to be incorporated into the record as it stood at the time of the passage of the act. Upon these grounds, therefore, the application is denied; and it is permitted to add that,if these grounds be found insufficient by the supreme court, all detriment to the defendant will be avoided by their writ of mandamus.
WIRT 11. HICKS
et ala April 16,1891.) · ·
(Circuit Court, S.D. New York. PATENTS FOR
Where no preliminary injunction is asked for, a bill to enjoin the mfrIngement of a patent need not show that the complainant is engaged in making or selling the articles described in his patent, that such patent has been a source of profit to him, or that the validity of the patent has been established by prior adjudication or by public acquiescence.
PLEADI:-lG.
In Equity. Walter S. Logan, for plaintiff. James A. Whitney, for deilmdants. SHIPMAN, J. This is a demurrer to the complainant's bill in equity, to restrain the infringement of two letters patent for improvements in fountain pens. The complainant owns one of the patents as assignee, and the other as patentee. The bill alleges the originality and the novelty of the inventions, the grants of letters patent therefor, the sole ownership of the said letters by the complainant, and the infringements thereof by the defendants, by which they have made large profits. It furtlwr alleges that they are threatening future infringements, which will be to the complainant's injury; that. by the acts of the defendants he is being an<} has been deprived of profits which he otherwise would have obtained; that they have been notified of the complainant's rights in the premises, and have been requested to desist from infringing thereon, but have refused to comply with said request. The bill asks for an injunction "provisionally and perpetually" against infringement, and also prays for an accounting of profits and damages. The principal grounds of demurrer are that it does not appear from the bill that the complainant is or has been engaged in the manufiwture, sale, or use of the patented inventions, or that they have been a B.ource of profit to him, and that the bill has no allegation which if true would show any substantial injury to the complainant from the acts of the defendants. The bill could not be relied upon as a foundation for a motion for preiiminary injunction. It does not state a prior adjudication upon the valiflity of the patent, or acquiescence by the public in its use and enjoyment by the owners thereof, or any use by the complainant of his patented rights. Isaacs v. Cooper, 4 Wash. C. C. 259; Sullivan Y. Redfield, 1 Paine, 452; Parker v. Brant, 1 Fish. Pat. Cas. 58; Gutta Percha, etc., Co. v. Goodyear, eU:., Co., 3 Sawy. 542; Walk. Pat. § 660; 3 Rob. Pat. § 1206. But the allegations are sufficient in a bill for an injunction to be issued at the conclusion of the suit, when the validity of the patent has been estabished by the proofs in the case. It is not necessary to aver or to show the extent' of the complainant's damages, and the bill has alleged I as it properly should allege, if an accounting is prayed for, that the defendants have made profits. Walk. Pat. § 579. The mere power of the court, under the statute, to issue an injunction to prevent 3