FEDERAL REPORTER, f ",
vol. 38. :.' I
HOHENSTEIN 'D. HEDDEN.
:
,Court, S.
:0. New
Y/?rk.
FebruaJ;Y 14, 1889.)
1.
OuSTOMS DUTIE'S-'-,CQNSTRUCTION
The provision of section 2499 of the' Revised Statutes; (as amended by, the act of March,S" 1888,)that :'if two or ,more rates of duty should be to any iJnportlld artICle. it shall be classified for duty under the highest of such rates," applles to a manufactured 'article composed partly of metal and partly of paper, the latter being the material of chief value. ' , ' .
STATUTES.
2.
SAlliE.
Paper with rings of wire at the top and bottom to hold the pape:.; in position,' and with a :w'ire frame-work across the top to hold the shade on the chimney of the lamp, the metal constituting a substailtial part of the article both in value alldin. use,are by virtue of Section 2499. Rev. Ht., ciutiable at 45 per centum under the provision in SChedule C of the tariff act of March 8, 1883, for "manufactures; articles, or wares not specially enume.t:ated OT provided fOT in this act. composed wholly or in part of iron, *' *' *' or any other metal," etc., and not at 15. per centum under the provision in.Schedule M of th.e same act for" paper, manufactures of. or of which paper is a component material, not specially enumerated or provided for in this act."
At Law. On motion for dire0tion of verdict. This was an action to recover moneys exacted as duties and alleged to be in excess of the lawful rate. The articles imported Were paper lampshades, composed of metal and paper, the latter being concededly the component material of chief value. They had been classified for duty as "manufactures composed wholly or in part of metal not specially enumerated or provided for" under a provision therefor in Schedule 0, act of March 3, 1883, and assessed for duty at 45 per cent. The importer claimed that they were "manufactures of paper, or of which paper is a component material, not specially enumerated or provided for," and dutiable at 15 .percent. under a provision therefor in Schedule M of the same act. It was shown upon the trial that the l?hades were made of colored and ornamented paper, with a thin ring of wire at the top and bottom to hold the paper in shape, and with a wire frame-work across the top, which would slide part of the way over a lamp-chimney, and bold the shade in position; that the shades could not be made fit for use without the metal portions; and that the elements of cost in the article were as follows: Paper, 18 marks 75 pfennings; wire rings and framework, andeost of cutting same, 4 marks; labor for making and finishing shade, 4 marks 25 pfennings. Stephen G. Olarke and Oharles Ourie, for plaintiff. Stephen A. Walker, U. S. Atty., and W. Wickham Smith, Asst. U. S. Atty., for defendant. LACOMBE, J., (orally.) It is unnecessary, in disposing of this case, to enter upon any elaborate discussion of the provisions of the statute under which this particular case arises. Such discussion I suppose will come up in the Album Case, (Liebenroth v. Robertson, 33 Fed. Rep. 457,) which is now on its way to the supreme court; and I suppose the decision of the supreme court in that case will practically control the decision in this.
. ULLMANN fl. HEDDEN.
95'
I shall therefore dbect a verdict for the defendant, and the reasons which control me in coming ,to that conclusion are: . 1. The testimoriy of the, plaintiff that the metal which is present in this comhinationis essential to the article; that hoth the paper and the metal are essential to the product. 2. The relative values of the two articles, irrespective of their use. Even if it be conceded that all the lahor of putting the articles together is to be counted with the paper, instead of being divided between the metal and the paper, then the cost of the wire, plus, the cost of the 1ahor in cutting the wire, (and which is a part of the cost of the wire,) is over 14 per cent. of the value of the 'product as the article stands completed; iUs over 15 per cent. the value of the paper and the wire together; ,and, as compared with the value of the paptlr alone, it is 2H per cent. of the value of the paper. In view of those relative proportions in which the metal and the paper enter into the article, and .of the testimony of the witness thathoth are equally essential to the product, under the rule laid down in the Album Que a vl:lrdict is directed for. the defendant.
UJ.,LMANN
v.
lIEDDEN.
CUSTOMS DUTIES-STATUTES-CONSTRUCTION.
The word" cloth" in the provision for" cotton cloth" in Schedule I afthe tariff act of March 8, 1888, is used in its popular and common acceptation, and not in a commercial sense. Following Maillard v. Lawrence, 16 How. 251; Greenleaf v. Goodlrich, 101 U. S. 27.8. . . A woven fabric made of cotton is' dutiable under a provision In the tariff act for" cotton cloth. " notwithstanding it is not known among merchants and dealers as "cotton cloth. " .' . '" . , . '. . .'...
.
S. BAlm-PROPERTY SUBJECT TO.
Embroidl)ry canvas (called in .trade "Penelope") made of cotton, avd containing less than 100 threads' to the square inch, is dutiable at 4t cents per square yard. 'under the; provision in Schedule I of the tariff act of March 8. 1888, for."aU cloth. colQred, not exceeding 100 threads to the square, inch;" and not at 85 per centum ad 'lJalorem. under the provision in the same act' and schedule for" all manufactures of cotton not specially enumerated .. 'or provided for; "
4. BAME.
Cotton worllted, valued at over SO cents per pound,. is properly at 85 cents per. pound 40 per centum ad 'lJq:lorem, un· der the provlslOnm Schedule K of the tarIff act of March 3, 1883, for "all mauufactures of" every description: composed Wholly or in part of worsted, Jlot specially ennmerated or provided for, " and.not at 35 per CeJ;ltum ad'IJalorem, under the provision in Sch.eclu1e I of the same act, for" all manufactures of cotton not specially enumerated or prOVided for. .. Kohl8aat v. M'IIIl'ph1/, 96 U. S. 158, distinguished.' . .,' ,
At Law. ·On motion for, direction ofverdict.