fl. MACKEY.
358
117 U. S. 312, 6 Sup. Ct. Rep. 1176. A limitation of value in a contract for carriage appears to be lawful. Hart v. Railroad CO,! 112 U.S. 331, 5 Sup. Ct. Rep. 151. The plaintiff does not appear to have done anything which was to avoid the policy if done, nor to have deprived the defendant of any right which the policy conferred to affect its validity. Motion denied.
HECKMAN 'D. MACKE1.
«(Jiretttt (Jourt, S D. New York. June 22, 1888.) KASTER AND SERVANT-NEGLIGENCE all' VICE-PRINCIPAL·
.· Plaintiff, while in the employ (;of defendant, under directions of a foreman, put up a about 28 feet from the ground, firmly nailing the two planks 'which constituted the floor. so that he could go upon it in doing the work. During his absence, another workman, under directions of the foreman. removed one of. the planks, placing another in its place, without n!J,iling or fastening it. Plaintiff, not knowing that any change had been made, returned to his work on the staging, which let him fall to the ground, whereby he was injured. Held that, not tbe bilure of plaintiff's fellow ·workman to nail the plank which replaced the nailed one, but the act of the foreman in misleadiDA' plaintiff into danger, was the cause of the injury, for which defendant was Iiable. 1
At Law. On motion for new trial. Seth S. Terry, for plaintiff. James Stikeman, for defendant. WHEELER, J. This is an action at law. The plaintiff's evidence tended to show that he was a carpenter, and that while at work, with others, for the defendant, under direction of a foreman, he put up a staging at the gable of a house which they were finishing, about 28 feet from the ground, and nailed the two planks which constituted tbefloor of the staging firmly to the brackets, so that he could go about it, and beyond the brackets, as would be necessary to do the work which he was engaged about, with safety; that, while he was absent from the staging, the foreman directed another workman to take one of those planks away to use elsewhere, which was done, and another put in its place, without being nailed or otherwise fastened, and without the knowledge of the plaintiff that any change had been made; that he returned to his work on the staging; and, relying upon the plank being fastened as he had left it, stepped out on it beyond the bracket, so that his weight tipped it down, and it let him fall to the ground, whereby he was, seriously injured. The defendant!s evidence tended to show that the foreman gave no directions for removing the plank. The requested the court to charge the, jury that, if he furnished, ·sufficient materials to make usafe staging, he dis-
lAs to the liability of a master for negligence of a vice-principal, see Foster v. Pusey, (DeL) 14 Atl. Rep. 545, and note; Robertson v. Cornelson, 84 Fed. Rep. 716.
v.35F.no.5-23
FEDERAl. :REPORTER.
charged his full duty to the plaintiff, .and that the defendant was not responsible to tbe' plaintiff for any act of his fellow-se:rvant in removing the plank" and putting another there 'without nailing it. The court did not charge the jury as so reque$ted,but did charge that the foreman represented the defendant about the matters which he placed in charge of the foreman; and that if the foreman directed the nailed plank to be taken away, without having the one that replaced it nailed, or notifying the plaintiff that the changehad'been made, the defendant would be responsible for the consequences to the same extent as if he had been there, and done the same that the fmportant questions were whether the foreman did this, and whether he failed to exercise the care of a prudent mlln in doing that. failure led the plaintiff to step upon the plank, as he did, without failure to exercise due care on his own part. The jury returned a verdict for the plaintiff. The defendant new trial Q,n.,accoupt of rulings.. The principal ground on which, the motion is urged, is that, what caused the plaintiff to fall was the failure to nail, the 'plank which replaced the nailed one, and this failure was ;that of a fellow-servant,. for whose .negligence the defendant would not be responsible. The other questions made are all involved in this, or are questions of fact wholly within the province oithe jury.' .' .. .' The placing the plank on the brackets, without nailing it, would not constitute actionable negligence. Armour v. Hahn, 111 U. S. 313,4 Sup. Ct. Rep. 433. That is not what the jury founded their verdict upon. The fellow-servant may have done that. What injured the plaintiff was the misleading of him into danger. The foreman, and not the fellowservant, on the finding of the jury, did that; and he represented the defendant about that; for what' he did was to direct by virtue of the defendant's authority; For such negligence or misconduct of the foreman,the defendant, as principal, appears to be liable. ' Railway GJ. v. Ros8, 112 U. S. 377, Ii Sup. Ct. Rep.ll:!4. , On the authority of that case, and the cases there cited; this motion must be overruled. Motion denied.
& parte. CHIN KING. Ex parte CHAN SAN flEE· .(Clif'cuig (Jou,/,g,D·. Oregon. OBl:NEIlB-OITIZllINIlHIP-PERSON8 BORN IN
June 25, 1888., OORPUS.
, A child born in the United ofOhineseparents is, by the rUle of the ,common lawlln\l the fourteenth amendment, a citizen of tlie United States, and. when 'restrained of its liberty of locomotion, therein. may be delivered .therefrom, 'on lUilJBa8 CO'l'JYU8, by the proper nationll,lcourt. .
(Syllabu8 by the COU'l't.)
Habeaa 00ipUB.